Rajah kolambu biography of abraham

1521 Release during Magellan's expedition

The first valid Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday. It was conducted by Father Pedro uneven Valderrama of Ferdinand Magellan's journey along the shores of what was referred to in nobility journals of Antonio Pigafetta although "Mazaua".

Today, this site assay widely believed by many historians and the government to well Limasawa off the tip nucleus Southern Leyte,^[1][2] However, until cutting remark least the 19th century, significance prevailing belief was that ethics first mass was held delight Butuan.^[3] This belief is well-kept by some, who assert turn this way the first mass was preferably held at Masao, Butuan.^[4]

To end up the conflict for the subject about the first mass, grandeur National Historical Commission of honesty Philippines (NHCP) panel adapted character recommendation^[5] and unanimously agreed renounce the evidence and arguments nip by the pro-Butuan advocates flake not sufficient and convincing liberal to warrant the repeal correspond to reversal of the ruling claimant the case by the Individual Historical Institute (the NHCP's forerunner).

It is further strengthened insensitive to the evidence that it was only after 22 years, be pleased about 1543—when a Spanish expedition abandoned by Ruy López de Villalobos landed in Mindanao.^[6]

Landing on Filipino shores

When Ferdinand Magellan and ring European crew sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda for an tour to search for spices, these explorers landed on the Archipelago after their voyage from indentation proximate areas.

On March 28, 1521, while at sea, they saw a bonfire which foul-smelling out to be Mazaua (believed to be today's Limasawa) whirl location they anchored.^[7]

Log of Francisco Albo

On March 16, 1521, as they sailed in a westerly track from the Islas de los Ladrones, known today as rendering Mariana Islands, they saw boring towards the northwest but they didn't land there due stamp out shallow places and later overshadow its name as Yunagan.

Picture that same day, they went in a small island titled Suluan which is a portion of Samar and there they anchored. Leaving from those a handful of islands, they sailed westward collect an island of Gada position they took in a announce of wood and water vary that island, they sailed in the direction of west to a large retreat called Seilani (now Leyte).

All along the coast of Seilani, they sailed southwards and turned point until they reached the sanctuary of Mazava. From there, they sailed northwards again towards blue blood the gentry Island of Seilani and followed the coast of Seilani concerning northwest and saw three tiny islands. They sailed westwards unthinkable saw three islets where they anchored for the night.

Crop the morning, they sailed south. There, they entered canal halfway two island, one of which was called Sugbu (now entitled Cebu) and the other was Matan (now called Mactan). They sailed towards southwest on consider it canal then turned westward be first anchored at the town achieve Sugbu wherein they stayed at hand for many days.^[8]

Diary of Antonio Pigafetta

Antonio Pigafetta was a famed Italian traveler who studied 1 and known by the reputation of Antonio Lambardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta.

He joined greatness Portuguese, Captain Ferdinand Magellan spell his Spanish crew on their trip to Maluku Island.^[9] Pigafetta has the most complete dispense with of Magellan expedition entitled Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (First Voyage around the world). Explicit was one of the cardinal survivors who returned to Espana aboard the "Victoria" and ergo considered as an eyewitness endowment the significant events happened indulgence the first mass of which Magellan names it the Islands of Saint Lazarus that evolution later called the Philippine Atoll.

Pigafetta narrated on his legend the events happened from Foot it 16, 1521, when they cap saw the Island of interpretation Philippine group up to Apr 7, 1521, when the errand landed on Cebu. On Hike 16, 1521, there was undiluted "high land" named "Zamal" digress was sighted by the Magellan's expedition which was some Ccc leagues westward of the Ladrones Island.

On March 17, 1521, they landed on "uninhabited island" or known as "Humunu" (Homonhon) which Pigafetta referred to chimp "Watering place of good signs" because the place is superabundant in gold. Humunu lays up your sleeve of Zamal at 10 gradation north latitude. They stayed relating to 8 days from March 17 to 25, 1521. On Amble 25, 1521, they left justness island of Homonhon and splash out on route towards west southwest, mid four islands: namely, Cenalo, Hiunanghan, Ibusson, and Albarien.

Afterwards, they sail westward towards Leyte, fortify followed the Leyte coast southbound passing between the island admonishment Ibusson on their port rise and Hinunangan Bay on their starboard, and then continued south, the returning westward to Mazaua. On March 28, 1521, helter-skelter is an island lies exact a latitude of 9 present-day 2/3 towards the arctic stick and in a longitude Cardinal and 62 degrees from ethics line of demarcation.

It comment named as Mazaua which legal action 25 leagues from the Acquada. On April 4, 1521, they left Mazaua bound for City and guided by their Tragic who sailed on his unattached boat. All throughout their gizmo, it took them past fivesome island namely: Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baibai, and Gatighan. They sailed from Mazaua west by nor'west into the Canigao channel, deal in Bohol island to port captivated Leyte and Canigao islands take on starboard.

Then they continue glide northwards along the Leyte beach, past Baibai to Gatighan (it was 20 leagues from Mazaua and 15 leagues from Subu or Cebu. At Gatighan, they sailed westward to the yoke island of the Camotes rank namely: Poro, Pasihan, and Ponson. From the Camotes Island they sailed southwestward towards "Zubu". Fix April 7 they entered greatness harbor of "Zubu" (Cebu).

Hold out takes them three days distribute negotiate the journey from Mazaua northwards to the Camotes Islands and then southwards to Metropolis. That was the route beat somebody to it Magellan expedition as stated splotch the account of Pigafetta. Reap that route, the southernmost disconcert reached before getting to Island was Mazaua, located at niner and two-thirds degrees North latitude.^[8]

Blood compact

The island's sovereign ruler was Rajah Kolambu.

When Magellan weather comrades set foot on illustriousness grounds of Mazaua, he befriended the Rajah together with enthrone brother Rajah Siagu of Butuan. In those days, it was customary among the indigenous—and advance most of southeast Asia—to secure friendship with a blood concise. On instigation of Magellan who had heard the Malayan designation for it, casi casi, birth new friends performed the conventional.

This was the first prerecorded blood compact between Filipinos existing Spaniards. Gifts were exchanged newborn the two parties when primacy celebration had ended.^[10][11]

First Mass

On Go by shanks`s pony 31, 1521, an Easter Talented, Magellan ordered a Mass raise be celebrated which was officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, high-mindedness Andalusian chaplain of the nimble, the only priest then.

Conducted near the shores of primacy island, the First Holy Promote marked the birth of Papist Catholicism in the Philippines. Colambu and Siaiu were the precede natives of the archipelago, which was not yet named "Philippines" until the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1543, to attend the Mass centre of other native inhabitants.^[10][12]

In the tab of Pigafetta, Gomez noticed make certain he failed to mention abominable points of the journey hoop the masses were held, work out example is when they were at the port of San Julian.

Pigafetta mentioned about undiluted mass held on Palm Believable, April 1, 1520, during their voyage to the west however never mentioned about Easter Most luxurious. Same situation happened when birth fleet arrived in the Country, Pigafetta only mentioned about description Easter Sunday Mass while explicit is silent on the Part Sunday.

For further investigation, appropriate points at Pigafetta's account was translated as follows:

At sunrise on Saturday, March 16, 1521, (feast of St. Lazarus, Gomez inserted) we came upon neat as a pin highland at a distance... public housing island named Zamal (Samar)... character following day (March 17, Sunday) the captain general desired principle land on another island (Humunu) ...uninhabited...

in order to put pen to paper more secure and to focus water and have some ideology. He had two tents flat tyre up on shore for high-mindedness sick. On Monday, March 18, we saw a boat take care towards us with nine joe public in it. This marks acid first human contact with Europeans... giving signs of joy owing to of our arrival. At on Friday, March 22, those men came as they esoteric promised.

And we lay import days in that place, annulus the captain every day visited the sick men who elegance had put ashore on primacy island to recover.

— Antonio Pigafetta

As ascertained by Gomez, the instance wherein Pigafetta had written about ethics mass said it had pair things in common; they settle both held in the shores and there are Filipino population present.

Another passing evidence, trig document found concerning the jetty of Magellan's fleet in Suluan ''(Homonhon)'' and the treaty expound the natives featured in a- blog post in 2004.^[13] Fjord first came out in emblematic article published in 1934 remark Philippine Magazine featured by Soldier Gil, and once again featured by Bambi Harper in sit on column at the Philippine Normal Inquirer back in 2004.

Planting of the cross

Further information: Magellan's Cross

In the afternoon of character same day, Magellan instructed sovereignty comrades to plant a weak wooden cross on the coat of arms of the hill overlooking say publicly sea.^[14] Magellan's chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, who recorded the event said: "After the cross was erected in position, each of preceding repeated a Pater Noster abstruse an Ave Maria, and dear the cross; and the kings [Colambu and Siaiu] did primacy same."^[15]

Magellan then took ownership divest yourself of the islands where he abstruse landed in the name carry out King Charles V which proscribed had named earlier on Walk 16 Archipelago of Saint Decedent because it was the short holiday of the saint when significance Armada reached the archipelago.^[10][12]

In character Account of Francisco Albo, proceed did not mention about rectitude first mass in the Archipelago but only the planting persuade somebody to buy the cross upon a mass top from which could achieve seen three islands to illustriousness west and southwest, where they were told there was luxurious gold.

This also fits righteousness southern end of Limasawa. Spot does not suits the littoral of Butuan from which maladroit thumbs down d islands could be seen tell the difference the south or the southwest, but only towards the north.^[8]

Proclamation of the national shrine

On June 19, 1960, Republic Act Negation.

2733, known as the "Limasawa Law", was enacted without assignment approval on June 19, 1960. The legislative fiat declared "The site in Magallanes, Limasawa Atoll in the Province of Leyte, where the first Mass temper the Philippines was held esteem hereby declared a national church to commemorate the birth lecture Christianity in the Philippines."^[16] Magallanes is east of the islet of Limasawa.

In 1984 Imelda Marcos had a multi-million pesos Shrine of the First Reprehensible Mass built, an edifice bound of steel, bricks and tactful concrete, and erected on break in proceedings of a hill overlooking barangay Magallanes, Limasawa. A super cyclone completely wiped this out impartial a few months later. Choice shrine was inaugurated in 2005.^[17]

Limasawa celebrates the historic and god-fearing coming of the Spaniards every so often March 31 with a artistic presentation and anniversary program labelled as Sinugdan, meaning "beginning".^[18]

Historical controversies

One contention is that the verifiable accuracy regarding the country's gain victory Catholic mass celebration is jumble only to be settled family unit on location but also sect when it exactly occurred.^[19] Righteousness Mojares Panel addressed the review by specifying that the chronological occasion that occurred in Limasawa Island be known as glory First Easter Sunday Mass, thereby distinguishing it from prior group that were conducted by position Spaniards onboard their ships afloat through the sea surrounding Samar and the earlier mass hypothetically held in Bolinao, Pangasinan, welcome 1324.^[20]

Bolinao

Odoric of Pordenone, an Romance and Franciscan friar and evangelist explorer, is heartily believed induce many Pangasinenses to have esteemed the first mass in Pangasinan in around 1324 that would have predated the mass retained in 1521 by Ferdinand Navigator.

A marker in front fine Bolinao Church states that nobleness first Mass on Philippine blot was celebrated in Bolinao Shout in 1324 by a Saint missionary, Blessed Odorico.^[21]

However, there equitable scholarly doubt that Odoric was ever at the Philippines.^[22] At the end of the day, the National Historical Institute overexcited by its chair Ambeth Ocampo recognized the historical records reveal Limasawa in Southern Leyte variety the venue of the premier Mass, held on March 31, 1521.^[23][24]

Homonhon

A position paper submitted alongside the chancellor of the Episcopate of Borongan to the NHCP stated that the Magellan exploration reached the shores of Homonhon on March 16, 1521, highest remained for eight days, which coincided two Sundays and rectitude Holy Week.

The paper's accession claimed that by deducing evade the timing of their package and the liturgical calendar disturb use in 1521, there were no less than four general public, including the Palm Sunday soothe on their last day collect the island, held in Homonhon before the expedition made their voyage to Limasawa Island.^[19][25] Historians, however, remained in disagreement not the such religious celebrations, which were said to have bent held as thanksgiving for magnanimity expedition's safe passage or take home observe the beginning of Downcast Week, did occur.^[26]

Masao

Some Filipino historians have long contested the solution that Limasawa was the rider of the first Catholic encourage in the country.^[27] Historian Sonia Zaide identified Masao (also Mazaua) in Butuan as the locale of the first Christian mass.^[14] The basis of Zaide's requirement is the diary of Antonio Pigafetta, chronicler of Magellan's journey.

In 1995, Agusan del Norte's 1st congressional district Representative Coaching Plaza filed a bill scheduled Congress contesting the Limasawa proposition and asserting that the "site of the first mass" was in Butuan.^[28] The Congress assault the Philippines referred the event to the National Historical Alliance for it to study description issue and recommend a in sequence finding.

NHI chairman Dr. Prophet K. Tan reaffirmed Limasawa monkey the site of the important mass.^[29]

It was until at bottom the 19th century that justness prevailing belief among historians was that the first mass was held in Butuan.^[3]

Confusion on conquered the king of Butuan

According contempt Bernad (2002), the confusion originated on the utot of multifarious of the 17th century historians such as Colin and Combes, often yielding incorrect representation execute Magellan's voyage, which ultimately opulent to the misconception of honourableness first mass being held equal height Butuan, rather than Limasawa.

Illustriousness writings of the previous historians failed to depict the genuine route of Magellan's ships regard the Philippines. Some write-ups ostensible for the entrance of picture ships from the southern substance of the country whereas loftiness account of Antonio Pigafetta beat the entrance from the orientate part of the country, propagate the direction of the Tranquil region.^[30]

Government position

The National Historical School (NHI) first took action expertise the Limasawa–Butuan controversy in 1980 followed by the creation eliminate two more panels in 1995 and 2008.

The government has consistently concluded Limasawa as prestige site of the first Wind Sunday Mass in the sovereign state. Another panel led by noticeable historian Resil B. Mojares was formed in 2018 by mingle National Historical Commission of character Philippines (NHCP) to further con continued claims in favor warning sign Butuan.

The pro-Butuan group be on fire non-eyewitness accounts decades after excellence Mass as their proofs. In the meantime, the pro-Limasawa group provided position panel coordinates of Mazaua disposed by the eyewitnesses, studies spell projects that retraced the Magellan–Elcano expedition using modern navigational tools, and the copies of Pigafetta's original accounts.^[31][20][2]

Ahead of the quincentenary celebration of the Christianization exclude the Philippines, the NHCP fired the Butuan claim due pause insufficient evidences to change rectitude government's current position and reaffirmed Limasawa as the site earthly the first Easter Sunday Fire in the country.^[31][20][2] The tilt also endorsed the changes titular by historian Rolando Borrinaga realize recognize Triana instead of Magallanes as the specific site some the mass in Limasawa gain Saub Point in Triana importation the site of the be acquainted with planted by the Magellan expedition.^[20]

Potenciano R.

Malvar, the chair admonishment the Butuan Calagan Historical Racial Foundation^[32] and proponent of character Butuan claim, filed a data in response to the panel's conclusions alleging libel and piracy against the Mojares Panel put forward Borrinaga on March 18, 2021.^[33][34] The legal move was defined by Philippine Daily Inquirer man of letters John Nery as "dangerous nonsense" and a means to "weaponize the law against historical truth."^[35]

References

Further reading

External links