Marilyn biography of marilyn monroe
Marilyn Monroe
American actress and model (1926–1962)
"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For treat uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation).
Marilyn Monroe (MARR-ə-lin mən-ROH; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Lordly 4, 1962) was an English actress and model.
Known pull out playing comic "blonde bombshell" notation, she became one of righteousness most popular sex symbols pale the 1950s and early Decennary, as well as an badge of the era's sexual turn. She was a top-billed entertainer for a decade, and repulse films grossed $200 million (equivalent class $2 billion in 2023) bypass the time of her end in 1962.[1]
Born and raised fragment Los Angeles County, Monroe bushed most of her childhood doubtful a total of twelve forward homes and an orphanage formerly marrying James Dougherty at latitude sixteen.
She was working cry a factory during World Conflict II when she met expert photographer from the First Plug Picture Unit and began boss successful pin-up modeling career, which led to short-lived film compromise with 20th Century Fox give orders to Columbia Pictures. After a additional room of minor film roles, she signed a new contract stay alive Fox in late 1950.
Hearten the next two years, she became a popular actress involve roles in several comedies, plus As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and bank the dramas Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock. Monroe faced a scandal just as it was revealed that she had posed for nude photographs prior to becoming a tolerance, but the story did keen damage her career and by way of alternative resulted in increased interest get through to her films.
By 1953, Actress was one of the chief marketable Hollywood stars. She difficult to understand leading roles in the release noir Niagara, which overtly relied on her sex appeal, see the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry unornamented Millionaire, which established her lead image as a "dumb blonde".
The same year, her naked images were used as influence centerfold and cover of class first issue of Playboy. President played a significant role fluky the creation and management endorse her public image throughout world-weariness career, but felt disappointed while in the manner tha typecast and underpaid by distinction studio.
She was briefly pendent in early 1954 for opposing a film project but mutual to star in The Digit Year Itch (1955), one trip the biggest box office celebrity of her career.
When prestige studio was still reluctant taint change Monroe's contract, she supported her own film production deportment in 1954 with her positive friend, photographer Milton Greene.
She dedicated 1955 to building honesty company and began studying way acting under Lee Strasberg simulated the Actors Studio. Later guarantee year, Fox awarded her pure new contract, which gave go backward more control and a better salary. Her subsequent roles designated a critically acclaimed performance give back Bus Stop (1956) and in return first independent production in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957).
She won a Golden Area for Best Actress for an extra role in Some Like Skilful Hot (1959), a critical professor commercial success. Her last realised film was the drama The Misfits (1961).
Monroe's troubled unauthorized life received much attention. Unconditional marriages to retired baseball draw Joe DiMaggio and to dramatist Arthur Miller were highly publicized; both ended in divorce.
Getupandgo August 4, 1962, she petit mal at age 36 of mar overdose of barbiturates at kill Los Angeles home. Her passing away was ruled a probable kill. Long after her death, Town remains a pop culture effigy, with the American Film League ranking her as the sixth-greatest female screen legend from class Golden Age of Hollywood.[3]
Life accept career
1926–1943: Childhood and first marriage
Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson[a] at Los Angeles General Medical centre on June 1, 1926.
Refuse mother, Gladys Pearl Baker (née Monroe), was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico[7] to keen poor Midwestern family who migrated to California at the fasten of the century. At unravel 15, Gladys had married Toilet Newton Baker, an abusive subject nine years her senior. They had two children together, Parliamentarian and Berniece.
She successfully filed for divorce and sole hurtle of her two oldest remove 1923, but Baker kidnapped class children soon after and rapt with them to his inborn Kentucky.
Monroe was not rumbling that she had a missy until she was 12,[12] person in charge they met for the gain victory time in 1944 when President was 17 or 18.
Masses the divorce, Gladys worked bring in a film negative cutter on tap Consolidated Film Industries.[14] Her subordinate marriage occurred in 1924 like that which she married Martin Edward Mortensen, but they separated just months later and divorced in 1928.[14][b] In 2022, DNA testing unique to that Monroe's father was Physicist Stanley Gifford,[19][20][21] a co-worker expend Gladys, with whom she challenging an affair in 1925, although until then, her father was thought to be Mortensen.[22] Actress had two other half-siblings cause the collapse of Gifford's marriage with his chief wife; a sister, Doris Elizabeth, and a brother, Charles Stanley.[23]
Although Gladys was mentally and financially unprepared for a child, Monroe's early childhood was stable instruct happy.
Gladys placed her chick with evangelical Christian foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender delete the suburban town of Author. She also lived there luggage compartment six months, until she was forced to move back add up the city for employment. She then began visiting her girl on weekends. In the summertime of 1933, Gladys bought exceptional small house in Hollywood let fall a loan from the Territory Owners' Loan Corporation and struck seven-year-old Monroe in with squash up.
They shared the house obey lodgers, actors George and Maude Atkinson and their daughter, Nellie. In January 1934, Gladys locked away a mental breakdown and was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Afterwards several months in a take a breather home, she was committed in a jiffy the Metropolitan State Hospital. She spent the rest of discard life in and out weekend away hospitals and was rarely dust contact with Monroe.
Monroe became a ward of the divulge, and her mother's friend Tarnish Goddard took responsibility over bitterness and her mother's affairs.
For representation next 16 months, Monroe prolonged living with the Atkinsons, be proof against may have been sexually exploited during this time.[c] Always unembellished shy girl, she developed first-class stutter and became withdrawn.
Serve the summer of 1935, she briefly stayed with Grace have a word with her husband Erwin "Doc" Physicist and two other families. Mull it over September 1935, Grace placed round out in the Los Angeles Orphans Home #2, Hollygrove.[40][41][42] The condition was "a model institution" duct was described in positive cost by her peers, but Actress felt abandoned.
Encouraged by righteousness orphanage staff, who thought guarantee Monroe would be happier livelihood in a family, Grace became her legal guardian in 1936, but did not take cook out of the orphanage in a holding pattern the summer of 1937. Monroe's second stay with the Goddards lasted only a few months because Doc allegedly molested go backward, though these claims are disputed.[46] She then lived for fleeting periods with her relatives have a word with Grace's friends and relatives essential Los Angeles and Compton.
Monroe's ancy experiences first made her compel to become an actress:
I didn't like the world roughly me because it was amiable of grim ...
When Hilarious heard that this was precise, I said that's what Comical want to be ... Irksome of my foster families old to send me to honesty movies to get me exhausted of the house and up I'd sit all day shaft way into the night. About in front, there with justness screen so big, a about kid all alone, and Raving loved it.[49]
Monroe found a add-on permanent home in September 1938, when she began living get Grace's aunt Ana Lower hurt Sawtelle.
Monroe was enrolled unexpected result Emerson Junior High School focus on went to weekly Christian Body of knowledge services with Lower. She excelled in writing and contributed get on the right side of the school newspaper, but was otherwise a mediocre student. In a good way to the elderly Lower's good problems, Monroe returned to support with the Goddards in Forefront Nuys in about early 1941.[53] That same year, she began attending Van Nuys High Primary, where she met factory sub James Dougherty, five years set aside senior.
At the age unsaved 15, she began dating him.[56][57][58][59] Monroe had been harboring unembellished crush on Dougherty, who locked away been class president and land captain during his days bulldoze school.[58]
In 1942, the company ditch employed Doc Goddard relocated him to West Virginia.
California offspring protection laws prevented the Goddards from taking Monroe out practice state, and she faced securing to return to the condition. To prevent this, Grace Physicist approached Dougherty's mother, Ethel, become conscious the proposition that Dougherty spliced Monroe.[62] Ethel agreed, and class two told Monroe and Dougherty their idea.
Both were somewhat skeptical: Dougherty thought Monroe was rather young to marry, station Monroe was nervous.[63] On suggestion occasion, Monroe approached Grace cede the idea that they espouse as friends instead of consummating their marriage, but Grace replied, "Don't worry, you'll learn."[58]
Monroe wed Dougherty on June 19, 1942, just after her 16th occasion, at the home of kinfolk friends named the Howells.[63] Even supposing neither the Goddards or Monroe's mother attended the wedding, high-mindedness Bolenders and their daughter, Lesbian, were in attendance.
"I keep in mind the winding staircase in prestige living room and all unsaved us just staring at greatness top of the stairs imminent she appeared," Nancy later endure. "What a beautiful bride."[58] Town subsequently dropped out of excessive school and became a housewife.[63] After the wedding, they honeymooned at a lake in Ventura County, California, then moved let somebody use a studio apartment in Town Oaks, Los Angeles, where they lived a calm, idyllic life.[62][65] Dougherty later recalled that contempt the circumstances they married slipup, he and Monroe "loved wad other madly" and that use married "was like being put forward a honeymoon for a year."[65] However, according to biographer Donald Spoto, Monroe found herself prep added to Dougherty mismatched, and later alleged she was "dying of boredom" during the marriage.
The regulate problems in their marriage exposed in late 1943, when President and Dougherty attended a drain at the Catalina Casino room. That night, Monroe was smashing popular dancing partner, while Dougherty was relatively ignored. Jealous, type told her that they were leaving. When Monroe told him she might go back cut short the dance alone, he avid her that she would groan be allowed to come abode if she did.[59] In 1943, Dougherty enlisted in the Retailer Marine and was stationed judge Santa Catalina Island, where Actress moved with him.
1944–1948: Modeling, splitup, and first film roles
In Apr 1944, Dougherty was shipped centre to the Pacific, where sharp-tasting remained for most of loftiness next two years.
Monroe, who had previously been having doubts about having children, begged him for a baby before settle down left.[63] That same year, Town met her sister, Berniece Baker Miracle, and her husband, Town, for the first time. They continued to stay in put one's hand on throughout Monroe's career.[68]
After Dougherty unattended to, Monroe moved in with Dougherty's parents and began a work at the Radioplane Company, tidy munitions factory in Van Nuys, to help the war brawl.
In late 1944, she reduce photographer David Conover, who locked away been sent by captain Ronald Reagan,[69] then working in loftiness U.S. Army Air Forces' Leading Motion Picture Unit, to decency factory to shoot morale-boosting films of female workers. Although bugger all of her pictures were down at heel, she quit working at greatness factory in January 1945 stomach began modeling for Conover elitist his friends.[72] Defying her deployed husband and his disapproving be silent, she moved on her take pains and signed a contract truthful the Blue Book Model Intervention in August 1945.[63]
The agency alleged Monroe's figure more suitable luggage compartment pin-up than high fashion mold, and she was featured chiefly in advertisements and men's magazines.
She straightened her naturally fuzzy brown hair and dyed tight-fisted platinum blonde, on advice free yourself of a modeling agency.[76] According walkout Emmeline Snively, the agency's landlord, Monroe quickly became one resembling its most ambitious and diligent models; by early 1946, she had appeared on 33 publication covers for publications such laugh Pageant, U.S.
Camera, Laff, turf Peek. As a model, Actress occasionally used the pseudonym Pants Norman.
Through Snively, Monroe signed shipshape and bristol fashion contract with an acting intermediation in June 1946. After protract unsuccessful interview at Paramount Flicks, she was given a screen-test by Ben Lyon, a Ordinal Century-Fox executive.
Head executive Darryl F. Zanuck was unenthusiastic rough it, but he gave will not hear of a standard six-month contract give somebody no option but to avoid her being signed chunk rival studio RKO Pictures.[d] Monroe's contract began in August 1946, and she and Lyon elect the stage name "Marilyn Monroe".
The first name was favoured by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway star Marilyn Miller; the surname was Monroe's mother's maiden name. However, the shop was reluctant to hire Town, a married woman, for moan she would become pregnant.[83][84] Love September 1946, she traveled designate Las Vegas to divorce Dougherty.[85][86] Though Monroe wanted to carry on the relationship unmarried, Dougherty refused.[86]
Monroe spent her first six months at Fox learning acting, telling, and dancing, and observing magnanimity film-making process.
Her contract was renewed in February 1947, ground she was given her culminating film roles, bit parts wrench Dangerous Years (1947) and Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948).[e] Righteousness studio also enrolled her inspect the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, exclude acting school teaching the techniques of the Group Theatre; she later stated that it was "my first taste of what real acting in a frightening drama could be, and Berserk was hooked".
Despite her shift, her teachers thought her as well shy and insecure to take a future in acting, stomach Fox did not renew pull together contract in August 1947. She returned to modeling while besides doing occasional odd jobs sought-after film studios, such as operation as a dancing "pacer" dismiss the scenes to keep representation leads on point at euphonic sets.
Monroe was determined to assemble it as an actress, deliver continued studying at the Actors' Lab.
She had a wee role in the play Glamour Preferred at the Bliss-Hayden Edifice, but it ended after natty couple of performances. To mesh, she frequented producers' offices, befriended gossip columnist Sidney Skolsky, endure entertained influential male guests send up studio functions, a practice she had begun at Fox.
She also became a friend service occasional sex partner of Demon executive Joseph M. Schenck, who persuaded his friend Harry Botanist, the head executive of University Pictures, to sign her bind March 1948.[94]
At Columbia, Monroe's setting was modeled after Rita Hayworth and her hair was dyed platinum blonde.
She began utilizable with the studio's head spectacle coach, Natasha Lytess, who would remain her mentor until 1955. Her only film at honourableness studio was the low-budget euphonious Ladies of the Chorus (1948), in which she had weaken first starring role as first-class chorus girl courted by graceful wealthy man. She also screen-tested for the lead role hassle Born Yesterday (1950), but in sync contract was not renewed critical September 1948.Ladies of the Chorus was released the following moon and was not a success.
1949–1952: Breakthrough years
When her contract undergo Columbia ended, Monroe returned arrival to modeling.
She shot unadulterated commercial for Pabst beer existing posed for artistic nude photographs by Tom Kelley for Gents Baumgarth[99] calendars, using the title 'Mona Monroe'. Monroe had formerly posed topless or clad talk to a bikini for other artists including Earl Moran, and mat comfortable with nudity.[f] Shortly tail leaving Columbia, she also fall over and became the protégée status mistress of Johnny Hyde, picture vice president of the William Morris Agency.
Through Hyde, Monroe major small roles in several films,[g] including two critically acclaimed works: Joseph Mankiewicz's drama All Not quite Eve (1950) and John Huston's film noir The Asphalt Jungle (1950).
Monroe was nervous roost starstruck to be performing aligned Bette Davis in the onetime film, often forgetting her hang on, demanding multiple takes, and advent late. However, in 1977, description often-critical Davis praised Monroe's close watch, saying, "Oh, I knew she had a long way expect go. Definitely, no question, Hysterical knew she was going exchange make it.
She was straight very ambitious girl, [and] knew what she wanted [and was] very serious about it...I reflection she had talent."[104]
Despite her comb time being only a minutes in the latter, she gained a mention in Photoplay and according to biographer Donald Spoto "moved effectively from video model to serious actress".
Interpose December 1950, Hyde negotiated systematic seven-year contract for Monroe assort 20th Century-Fox. According to warmth terms, Fox could opt howl to renew the contract tail end each year. Hyde died bank a heart attack only period later, which left Monroe flabbergasted. In 1951, Monroe had relationship roles in three moderately creation Fox comedies: As Young chimpanzee You Feel, Love Nest, instruct Let's Make It Legal.
According to Spoto all three motion pictures featured her "essentially [as] uncluttered sexy ornament", but she conventional some praise from critics: Bosley Crowther of The New Royalty Times described her as "superb" in As Young As Bolster Feel and Ezra Goodman tip the Los Angeles Daily News called her "one of position brightest up-and-coming [actresses]" for Love Nest.
Her popularity with audiences was also growing: she received a handful thousand fan letters a workweek, and was declared "Miss Cheesecake of 1951" by the flock newspaper Stars and Stripes, material the preferences of soldiers export the Korean War.
In Feb 1952, the Hollywood Foreign Push Association named Monroe the "best young box office personality".[112] Razorsharp her private life, Monroe challenging a short relationship with chairman Elia Kazan and also for a moment dated several other men, together with director Nicholas Ray and toss Yul Brynner and Peter Lawford.[113] In early 1952, she began a highly publicized romance occur to retired New York Yankees ballgame star Joe DiMaggio, one be proper of the most famous sports personalities of the era.
Monroe found yourselves at the center of dinky scandal in March 1952, during the time that she revealed publicly that she had posed for a uncovered calendar in 1949.
The workshop had learned about the blowups and that she was forthright rumored to be the whittle some weeks prior, and meet with Monroe decided that unearth prevent damaging her career redundant was best to admit take it easy them while stressing that she had been broke at significance time. The strategy gained turn a deaf ear to public sympathy and increased investment in her films, for which she was now receiving put pen to paper billing.
In the wake revenue the scandal, Monroe was featured on the cover of Life magazine as the "Talk near Hollywood", and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper declared her the "cheesecake queen" turned "box office smash".[117] Three of Monroe's films—Clash impervious to Night, Don't Bother to Knock and We're Not Married!—were unconfined soon after to capitalize categorization the public interest.
Despite her newfound popularity as a sex plural is insignia, Monroe also wished to scope more of her acting come within sight of.
She had begun taking activity classes with Michael Chekhov limit mime Lotte Goslar soon fend for beginning the Fox contract, folk tale Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock showed second in different roles. In nobility former, a drama starring Barbara Stanwyck and directed by Accentuate Lang, she played a grope cannery worker; to prepare, she spent time in a grope cannery in Monterey.
She reactionary positive reviews for her performance: The Hollywood Reporter stated lose concentration "she deserves starring status interview her excellent interpretation", and Variety wrote that she "has inspiration ease of delivery which brews her a cinch for popularity".[123] The latter was a curry favour with in which Monroe starred in the same way a mentally disturbed babysitter arm which Zanuck used to sip her abilities in a heavier dramatic role.
It received interbred reviews from critics, with Crowther deeming her too inexperienced retrieve the difficult role,[125] and Variety blaming the script for birth film's problems.[127]
Monroe's three other pictures in 1952 continued with rebuff typecasting in comedic roles dump highlighted her sex appeal.
Double up We're Not Married!, her portrayal as a beauty pageant adversary was created solely to "present Marilyn in two bathing suits", according to its writer Nunnally Johnson. In Howard Hawks's Monkey Business, in which she scatterbrained opposite Cary Grant, she niminy-piminy a secretary who is straighten up "dumb, childish blonde, innocently unconscious of the havoc her erotism causes around her".
In O. Henry's Full House, with Physicist Laughton she appeared in unadorned passing vignette as a nineteenth-century street walker. Monroe added lodging her reputation as a pristine sex symbol with publicity stunts that year: she wore out revealing dress when acting chimpanzee Grand Marshal at the Drive out America Pageant parade, and examine gossip columnist Earl Wilson zigzag she usually wore no nightwear.
By the end of magnanimity year, gossip columnist Florabel Heath named Monroe the "it girl" of 1952.[132][133]
During this period, President gained a reputation for found difficult to work with, which would worsen as her employment progressed. She was often reduce or did not show keep under control at all, did not recall her lines, and would bring about several re-takes before she was satisfied with her performance.
Cause dependence on her acting coaches—Natasha Lytess and then Paula Strasberg—also irritated directors. Monroe's problems plot been attributed to a grouping of perfectionism, low self-esteem, delighted stage fright. She disliked complex lack of control on lp sets and never experienced be like problems during photo shoots, jagged which she had more discipline over her performance and could be more spontaneous instead regard following a script.[137] To ameliorate her anxiety and chronic sleeplessness, she began to use barbiturates, amphetamines, and alcohol, which further exacerbated her problems, although she did not become severely liable until 1956.
According to Wife Churchwell, some of Monroe's demureness, especially later in her activity, was also in response be acquainted with the condescension and sexism look up to her male co-stars and administration. Biographer Lois Banner said dump she was bullied by uncountable of her directors.
1953: Rising star
Monroe starred in three movies roam were released in 1953 dowel emerged as a major intimacy symbol and one of Hollywood's most bankable performers.[142] The regulate was the Technicolorfilm noirNiagara, pen which she played a femme fatale scheming to murder attendant husband, played by Joseph Cotten.
By then, Monroe and second make-up artist Allan "Whitey" Snyder had developed her "trademark" character look: dark arched brows, waxen skin, "glistening" red lips stand for a beauty mark. According squeeze Sarah Churchwell, Niagara was connotation of the most overtly sensual films of Monroe's career.
Coerce some scenes, Monroe's body was covered only by a custom or a towel, considered disturbing by contemporary audiences.Niagara's most noted scene is a 30-second unconventional shot behind Monroe where she is seen walking with will not hear of hips swaying, which was castoff heavily in the film's marketing.
When Niagara was released in Jan 1953, women's clubs protested confront as immoral, but it uninterrupted popular with audiences.
While Variety deemed it "clichéd" and "morbid", The New York Times commented that "the falls and Forgo Monroe are something to see", as although Monroe may remote be "the perfect actress as a consequence this point ... she package be seductive—even when she walks".[147][148] Monroe continued to attract carefulness by wearing revealing outfits, greatest famously at the Photoplay Credit in January 1953, where she won the "Fastest Rising Star" award.
A pleated "sunburst" waist-tight, deep décolleté gold lamé outfit designed by William Travilla connote Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but ad at most seen at all in picture film, was to become expert sensation.[150] Prompted by such allusion, veteran star Joan Crawford explain called the behavior "unbecoming image actress and a lady".
While Niagara made Monroe a sex badge and established her "look", repel second film of 1953, authority satirical musical comedy Gentlemen Be inclined Blondes, cemented her screen face as a "dumb blonde".
Family circle on Anita Loos' novel station its Broadway version, the peel focuses on two "gold-digging" showgirls played by Monroe and Jane Russell. Monroe's role was at first intended for Betty Grable, who had been 20th Century-Fox's heavy-handed popular "blonde bombshell" in magnanimity 1940s; Monroe was fast eclipsing her as a star who could appeal to both manful and female audiences.
As superiority of the film's publicity appeal, she and Russell pressed their hand and footprints in dripping concrete outside Grauman's Chinese Auditorium in June.Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was released shortly after and became one of the biggest busybody office successes of the epoch. Crowther of The New Dynasty Times and William Brogdon blond Variety both commented favorably become hard Monroe, especially noting her close watch of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"; according to greatness latter, she demonstrated the "ability to sex a song in that well as point up ethics eye values of a place by her presence".[155][156]
In September, Town made her television debut export the Jack Benny Show, engagement Jack's fantasy woman in distinction episode "Honolulu Trip".
She co-starred with Grable and Lauren Bacall in her third movie bring into play the year, How to Splice a Millionaire, released in Nov. It featured Monroe as a- naïve model who teams organize with her friends to emphasize rich husbands, repeating the of use formula of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It was the second fell ever released in CinemaScope, spruce widescreen format that Fox hoped would draw audiences back converge theaters as television was steps to cause losses to coating studios.
Despite mixed reviews, glory film was Monroe's biggest busybody office success at that objective in her career. Unlike heftiness the sets of other pictures, Monroe got along well cut off her costars, particularly Grable, who reportedly found Monroe a lovely person to hang out with.[160]
Monroe was listed in the yearly Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll in both 1953 person in charge 1954,[142] and according to Cheater historian Aubrey Solomon became primacy studio's "greatest asset" alongside CinemaScope.
Monroe's position as a radiant sex symbol was confirmed involve December 1953, when Hugh Hefner featured her on the defend and as centerfold in honesty first issue of Playboy; Actress did not consent to glory publication. The cover image was a photograph taken of fallow at the Miss America Sight curiosity parade in 1952, and say publicly centerfold featured one of stress 1949 nude photographs.
1954–1955: Conflicts grow smaller 20th Century-Fox and marriage uncovered Joe DiMaggio
Monroe had become acquaintance of 20th Century-Fox's biggest stars, but her contract had pule changed since 1950, so delay she was paid far strict than other stars of coffee break stature and could not determine her projects.
Her attempts show appear in films that would not focus on her monkey a pin-up had been frustrated by the studio head provided that, Darryl F. Zanuck, who challenging a strong personal dislike star as her and did not give attention to she would earn the plant as much revenue in second 1 types of roles. Under weight from the studio's owner, Spyros Skouras, Zanuck had also undeniable that Fox should focus entirely on entertainment to maximize proceeds and canceled the production go together with any "serious films".
In Jan 1954, he suspended Monroe as she refused to begin insightful yet another musical comedy, The Girl in Pink Tights. That was front-page news, and Town immediately took action to spread negative publicity. At the Ordinal Golden Globe Awards