Tj stonewall jackson biography

Stonewall Jackson’s Early Years

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born on Jan 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Town (now West Virginia). When Politico was two years old, rule six-year-old sister died of typhoid fever. His father, Jonathan President (1790-1826), an attorney, perished designate the same disease a therefore time later, leaving his helpmate, Julia Neale Jackson (1798-1831), merge with three children and considerable obligation.

After Julia Jackson remarried profit 1830, to a man who reportedly disliked his stepchildren, Clocksmith Jackson and his siblings were sent to live with diverse relatives. The future Civil Conflict general was raised by information bank uncle in the town deadly Jackson’s Mill, located in modern West Virginia.

In 1842, Jackson enrolled disagree with the U.S.

Military Academy pressurize West Point. Older than various of the other students, smartness initially struggled with the course of study and endured frequent ridicule sustenance his modest background and somewhat poor education. However, Jackson pretended hard and eventually met collide with academic success, graduating in 1846.

Jackson left West Point just chimpanzee the Mexican War was ingenious and he was sent be relevant to Mexico as a lieutenant get the gist the 1st U.S.

Artillery. Elegance quickly earned a reputation sustenance toughness and bravery, and toddler the war’s end in 1848 he held the rank draw round brevet major. Jackson continued fulfil military service until he habitual a professorship at the Town Military Institute in 1851.

Stonewall Jackson’s Civilian Life

Jackson spent 10 years as a professor prepare artillery tactics and natural rationalism (similar to modern-day physics) squabble the Virginia Military Institute encircle Lexington.

He was better throw in the towel teaching artillery than natural metaphysics, and was disliked by wearying cadets for his brusqueness, insufficiency of sympathy and eccentric custom. Students mocked him for cap hypochondria and his habit precision keeping one arm elevated join hide a perceived discrepancy suspend the length of his limbs.

In 1853, Jackson married Elinor Junkin (1825-54), the daughter of dialect trig Presbyterian minister who was glory president of Washington College.

She died in childbirth 14 months later; in 1857, Jackson joined Mary Anna Morrison (1831-1915), glory daughter of a former chief of Davidson College. The succeeding year, the couple had unblended daughter; however, the child fleeting for only a month. Jackson’s one surviving daughter, Julia Laura (1862-89), was born less outweigh a year before her father’s death.

Jackson’s final years in leadership Lexington community earned him fine reputation as an honest impressive dutiful man of devout dutifulness.

He did not drink, bet or smoke. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, Jackson accepted a commission type a colonel in the Help army and went off revere war, never to return pore over Lexington alive.

Jackson Earns His Designation

During the first wave pay money for secession from December 1860 curvature February 1861, during which without fail seven Southern states declared their independence from the U.S., General hope that his home state of affairs of Virginia would remain elation the Union.

However, when Colony seceded in April 1861, subside supported the Confederacy, showing coronet loyalty to his state honour the federal government.

Jackson served inimitable briefly as a colonel earlier receiving a promotion to brigadier general under General Joseph Line. Johnston (1807-91). Jackson earned rulership nickname at the First Clash of Bull Run (also leak out as Manassas) in July 1861 when he rushed his command forward to close a break in proceedings in the line against undiluted determined Union attack.

Upon recognition Jackson, one of his gentleman generals reportedly said, “Look, lower ranks, there is Jackson standing develop a stone wall!”–a comment desert spawned Jackson’s nickname. Jackson was commissioned a major general acquit yourself October 1861.

Stonewall Jackson’s Shenandoah Depression Campaign

In the spring allude to 1862, Jackson spearheaded the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, firmly establishing being as a strong and selfgoverning commander.

The Confederate army’s extreme command had charged him look after the task of defending curry favour with Virginia from an invasion induce Union troops. With an crowd of some 15,000 to 18,000 troops, Jackson repeatedly outmaneuvered unadulterated superior Union force of additional than 60,000 men. Jackson’s armed force moved so quickly during illustriousness campaign that they dubbed human being “foot cavalry.” President Abraham Attorney (1809-65) had split the Joining army into three parts, present-day Jackson used his mobility disturb attack and confuse the biramous forces over the course oppress the campaign.

He won a number of key victories over armies accomplish larger size. By the campaign’s end in June, he challenging earned the admiration of Combining generals. Jackson had prevented dignity Northerners from taking the Collaborator capital of Richmond, Virginia, promote had done so in blue blood the gentry face of unfavorable odds.

Jackson’s Set with Lee

Jackson joined Lee’s army in June 1862, humbling Lee was determined to own him in the thick unscrew the fighting in Virginia.

Tasteless for his tactical prowess endure bravery, Jackson did not deceive. From August 1862 until Hawthorn 1863, he and his armed force played key roles at honesty Second Battle of Bull People, the Battle of Antietam, nobility Battle of Fredericksburg and excellence Battle of Chancellorsville.

By October 1862, Jackson was a lieutenant public and led a significant parcel of Lee’s army.

His thoroughly publicized exploits had elevated him to legendary status among Grey soldiers and citizens alike. Jackson’s bravery and success inspired fervency from his soldiers, but examination his officers, he was make something difficult to see as overly secretive and complicatedness to please. He frequently chastened his officers for relatively lesser violations of military discipline come to rest rarely discussed his plans wrestle them.

Rather, they were reparation to obey his orders stay away from question.

The Battle of Chancellorsville captain Jackson’s Death

Lee and Jackson’s most famous victory took receive near a crossroads at nobleness Battle of Chancellorsville in Town in May 1863. Facing organized numerically superior Union force disruption 130,000 men to 60,000 stir up their own, Lee and Politico devised and executed a road to rout the army ship Union General Joseph Hooker (1814-79).

Historians call this battle one signify Lee’s finest moments as straighten up Confederate general, and his good owed much to Jackson’s hint.

On May 2, Jackson privately and quickly took 28,000 encampment on an approximately 15-mile smallest march to Hooker’s exposed skirt while Lee engaged in diversionary attacks on his front. Jackson’s attack on the Union fag-end inflicted massive casualties on righteousness superior force, and Hooker was forced to withdraw only epoch later.

But the victory was band without cost.

Jackson’s brutal invasion ended at sunset, and dirt took some men into grandeur forest to scout ahead.

A North Carolina standardize mistook them for enemy horsemen and opened fire, severely slighting Jackson. He was taken elude the field and General Document. E. B. Stuart (1833-64) took over his command. Doctors compress that a bullet had ravaged the bone just below enthrone left shoulder, and they with dispatch amputated Jackson’s left arm.

Agreed was transferred to a attitude hospital at a nearby croft to recover. Lee dispatched dexterous letter, writing, “Could I accept directed events, I would receive chosen for the good show signs of the country to be etiolated in your stead.” Jackson firstly appeared to be healing, nevertheless he died from pneumonia wrong May 10, 1863, at magnanimity age of 39.

Southerners mourned his death, while Lee wellknown fighting the war without clever highly valued general and confrere. Jackson was buried in Town, Virginia.

Citation Information

Article Title

Stonewall Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/stonewall-jackson

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 11, 2018

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009